Is the Filter Theory committing the ad hoc fallacy and is it unfalsifiable?

Likewise, when neurons are all working together to observe sensory inputs, recall memories, determine what the body will do, and issue signals that cause the body to do what the neurons collectively ask, we have a name for that conglomeration--a mind.

Sigh, okay. How do non-conscious, mindless neurons "work together" or "observe" or "recall" or "determine" or "issue signals"?

You're borrowing the language of conscious intention to describe something entirely non-conscious.

After all, you are claiming that consciousness can arise from something purely non-conscious. I'm not sure you get to borrow any language of conscious intent. That's sort of cheating, in a sense.

Not just that, it's unnecessarily confusing. It's an almost odd form of unintentional animism...