Why did no one ever win the Randi Million Dollar Challenge? I have read several critical articles and blog posts about the challenge, and the psi-encyclopedia article about it, but I have not found any real reason for why no one ever won.
Here are some of the articles and blog posts:
https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/artic...-challenge
https://weilerpsiblog.wordpress.com/rand...challenge/
https://weilerpsiblog.wordpress.com/2011...challenge/
http://dailygrail.com/features/the-myth-...-challenge
https://michaelprescott.typepad.com/mich...lenge.html
The articles and blog posts mostly focuses on why experimental parapsychology cannot be replicated in front of the JREF, and why parapsychologists therefore cannot win the prize. That does not explain why, if there are any psychic or medium alive that can win the prize, none of them has won it.
There are only two possible reasons I have been able to think about for why no one won the prize. One possible reason is that the contract one is forced to sign involves two things that in combination may be a problem:
"4. Applicant agrees that all data (photographic, recorded, written, etc.) gathered as a result of the setup, the protocol, and the actual testing, may be used freely by the JREF."
"8. When entering into this challenge, as far as this may be done by established legal statutes, the applicant surrenders any and all rights to legal action against Mr. Randi, and/or against any persons peripherally involved, and/or against the James Randi Educational Foundation. This applies to injury, and/or accident, and/or any other damage of a physical and/or emotional nature, and/or financial and/or professional loss, and/or damage of any kind. However, this rule in no way affects the awarding of the prize, once it is properly won in accord with the protocol."
This means that theoretically the JREF could change the data if it turned out that the medium or psychic gets correct results, and there was no possiblity to take any legal action against the JREF because of this. However, this sounds a bit farfetched. I wonder if that really is the reason for ostensibly genuine mediums or psychics did not take part in the contest.
The only other reason I can come up with for why someone would not attempt winning the prize is if their abilities were unstable and unreliable, so that they don't work all the time, but only sometimes. In that case they would not want to take part in the contest since they cannot be certain whether they will win or not, and if they don't win their reputations will be very damaged since the JREF will claim that they lack paranormal abilities. It seems reasonable to me that genuine mediums and psychics could have better and worse days.
According to Alan Gauld's Mediumship and Survival: "It was true that on an off-day, Phinuit would ramble and flounder hopelessly, would fish for information, and if given any, would blatantly serve it up again as though it had been his own discovery. But when he was on form he could, with hardly any hesitation or fishing, relay copious communications from the deceased friends and relatives of sitters, communications which would turn out to be very accurate even in tiny details, and far too accurate for the hypothesis of chance or of guesswork from the appearance of the sitters to seem in the remotest degree plausible." https://www.esalen.org/ctr/mediumship Phinuit was the medium Leonora Piper's control. If Piper, one of the greatest mental mediums of all time, had better and worse days, then that would probably also be the case for lesser mental mediums.
According to this paper that @RViewer88 linked to in another thread, one layperson that investigated D.D. Home claimed in a letter that: "On the one hand I am convinced, that Hume's [sic] sickly organism does possess a force which can act at a distance from that organism, and at that distance it produces strange phenomena. On the other hand I am equally strongly convinced that at times, when this power, which is independent of his will and controls him rather than being controlled by him, is not sufficient, leaves him, weakens and disappears . . . he . . . helps the deficiencies of the force with the aid of his leg or hemd under the table." So it seems that even D.D. Home, by many considered the greatest physical medium of all time, had better and worse days. Then it seems reasonable to assume that this also applies to many lesser physical mediums.
I have no doubt that there were in the past genuine psychics and mediums, like Leonora Piper, Gladys Osborne Leonard, and D.D. Home, since this has been shown by psychical researchers, but does all of this mean that there are no genuine psychics or mediums alive that has stable and reliable paranormal abilities? My question for everyone at Psiencequest is: What do you think?
Here are some of the articles and blog posts:
https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/artic...-challenge
https://weilerpsiblog.wordpress.com/rand...challenge/
https://weilerpsiblog.wordpress.com/2011...challenge/
http://dailygrail.com/features/the-myth-...-challenge
https://michaelprescott.typepad.com/mich...lenge.html
The articles and blog posts mostly focuses on why experimental parapsychology cannot be replicated in front of the JREF, and why parapsychologists therefore cannot win the prize. That does not explain why, if there are any psychic or medium alive that can win the prize, none of them has won it.
There are only two possible reasons I have been able to think about for why no one won the prize. One possible reason is that the contract one is forced to sign involves two things that in combination may be a problem:
"4. Applicant agrees that all data (photographic, recorded, written, etc.) gathered as a result of the setup, the protocol, and the actual testing, may be used freely by the JREF."
"8. When entering into this challenge, as far as this may be done by established legal statutes, the applicant surrenders any and all rights to legal action against Mr. Randi, and/or against any persons peripherally involved, and/or against the James Randi Educational Foundation. This applies to injury, and/or accident, and/or any other damage of a physical and/or emotional nature, and/or financial and/or professional loss, and/or damage of any kind. However, this rule in no way affects the awarding of the prize, once it is properly won in accord with the protocol."
This means that theoretically the JREF could change the data if it turned out that the medium or psychic gets correct results, and there was no possiblity to take any legal action against the JREF because of this. However, this sounds a bit farfetched. I wonder if that really is the reason for ostensibly genuine mediums or psychics did not take part in the contest.
The only other reason I can come up with for why someone would not attempt winning the prize is if their abilities were unstable and unreliable, so that they don't work all the time, but only sometimes. In that case they would not want to take part in the contest since they cannot be certain whether they will win or not, and if they don't win their reputations will be very damaged since the JREF will claim that they lack paranormal abilities. It seems reasonable to me that genuine mediums and psychics could have better and worse days.
According to Alan Gauld's Mediumship and Survival: "It was true that on an off-day, Phinuit would ramble and flounder hopelessly, would fish for information, and if given any, would blatantly serve it up again as though it had been his own discovery. But when he was on form he could, with hardly any hesitation or fishing, relay copious communications from the deceased friends and relatives of sitters, communications which would turn out to be very accurate even in tiny details, and far too accurate for the hypothesis of chance or of guesswork from the appearance of the sitters to seem in the remotest degree plausible." https://www.esalen.org/ctr/mediumship Phinuit was the medium Leonora Piper's control. If Piper, one of the greatest mental mediums of all time, had better and worse days, then that would probably also be the case for lesser mental mediums.
According to this paper that @RViewer88 linked to in another thread, one layperson that investigated D.D. Home claimed in a letter that: "On the one hand I am convinced, that Hume's [sic] sickly organism does possess a force which can act at a distance from that organism, and at that distance it produces strange phenomena. On the other hand I am equally strongly convinced that at times, when this power, which is independent of his will and controls him rather than being controlled by him, is not sufficient, leaves him, weakens and disappears . . . he . . . helps the deficiencies of the force with the aid of his leg or hemd under the table." So it seems that even D.D. Home, by many considered the greatest physical medium of all time, had better and worse days. Then it seems reasonable to assume that this also applies to many lesser physical mediums.
I have no doubt that there were in the past genuine psychics and mediums, like Leonora Piper, Gladys Osborne Leonard, and D.D. Home, since this has been shown by psychical researchers, but does all of this mean that there are no genuine psychics or mediums alive that has stable and reliable paranormal abilities? My question for everyone at Psiencequest is: What do you think?